The flat roof of the building is parallel to the ground. The presence of an inclination of more than 5 degrees makes it pitched (the upper planes of the roof are called ramps). This design does not allow snow and rain to accumulate above - the higher the slope, the faster the roof is cleared of precipitation. Today we will talk about roofs with only one slope. They are the simplest and cheapest, but not without originality.
Where do you use odnoskatka?
You can’t call the traditional “skating rink” - this role in Russia and in Europe is assigned to the gable roof. Such houses with a triangle at the top are painted by children; they can be seen in most villages and villages. But the buildings crowned with a single ramp, we often are household buildings. For example, sheds, gazebos, summer kitchens, garages, verandas or awnings.
However, today architects are retreating from dogma, constructing attractive, modern and stylish houses with such a roof. And cottages are often found with a similar design - the owners are attracted by the speed of construction, material savings, ease and reliability of construction. Nothing flows anywhere and does not blow (after all, there are no joints in the area of the ridge). And the installation is comfortable and simple, since it is more convenient to work with one plane than with two.
Of course, it will not be possible to arrange an attic under one slope, however, if there is a sufficient slope, you can build a small attic (something like mezzanines for storage). By the way, about the slope: in most cases it is done from 18 to 35 degrees (depending on the type of material chosen for the roof). Maximum - 50 or 60 degrees. Moreover, the location of the building is chosen so that the wind blows into the ramp.
A pitched roof will be good in the following cases:
- if the wood in this area is very expensive or is in short supply, because it will need half as much as for the classic "gable";
- if the climate abounds in windy days, and the direction of the winds is constant;
- if you have to build a cottage, garage, gazebo or other simple building quickly and inexpensively;
- if a residential building is being built in close proximity to the carriageway, where it is forbidden to dump snow. Then the slope of the single slope is directed in the opposite direction.
For the construction of such a roof, you can attract specialists - many companies perform similar work. However, it is not difficult to cope with this task yourself - there would be a desire. Indeed, at the same time, neither lifting devices nor any “tricky” tool are needed. The usual arsenal of home master amateur is enough. So, let's begin.
Calculation of the rafter system
Structurally, a single-slope product is made as follows: two walls having different heights serve as supports for the supporting system. That is, when building a building, it is necessary to foresee this difference. She also forms a bias.
The base of the roof is a rafter system (usually a sloping type). Rafters - durable long beams that are placed on two walls of different heights, reinforced with Mauerlat (thick timber). In small houses, you can do without it, laying the rafters directly on the walls.
The distance between the beams (step) depends on the type of roofing material, as well as on climatic loads (wind, snow, rain). It can have a size from 60 to 140 cm. The smaller the pitch, the more reliable the rafters. However, their weight is also strengthened, so you need to consider whether its walls can withstand.
If the building has already been built, and with the same walls, then the completion of one of them can be avoided. To do this, you need to lengthen the desired wall with props, and then lay on top a solid run - Mauerlat.
When the distance between our walls is small (up to 4.5 m), then separate rafter beams and Mauerlat are quite enough. With an increase in this size, rafter legs may be needed - special supports. If the distance is more than 6 m, then composite rafters with additional racks and struts are used.
We draw a diagram and calculate the angle of the roof
On the Web, in magazines and in specialized firms, you can find ready-made designs for single-pitched buildings. You can use them or create your own project, it’s easy. The main thing is to calculate the necessary slope so that our roof withstands all adversities.
Note that each roofing material has its own minimum slope. Remember this. In particular, for roofing material and other soft roofs, it is least of all - from 5 degrees. For a profiled sheet - from 20 degrees, and for metal tiles - from 25-30 degrees.
After choosing the desired angle of inclination, we draw the resulting triangle, where the hypotenuse is the plane of the roof, and the legs are the distance between the walls and their difference. So we determine how much to raise the back wall.
On the north side, the slope is needed more than on the south (the sun helps melt the snow). And in the steppe, where it is windy, you can also do the slope less than in the forest (the wind will help remove precipitation by blowing it off). And one more thing: if the area is very damp, with frequent rains, then it is advisable to make a slope more (up to 45 degrees).
We select materials
For the rafter system, you need to buy strong square bars: for the Mauerlat - 10-15 cm thick, for the rafters - 10 cm thick, for the crate - 5 cm thick. All of them must be very well dried and smooth, pre-treated with an anti-corrosion compound.
Where wooden rafters come in contact with brick or concrete, they can become damp and rot. To prevent this, we provide good waterproofing. Carefully need to seal all joints. Where the rafters are adjacent to the walls and the main roof, we make roofing aprons. We think over good ventilation.
We also need roofing material and fasteners for it. For example, slate nails. They will also need waterproofing (for this, it is cheaper to use a thick film of polyethylene), vapor barrier, insulation. We stock up on a construction stapler with brackets, a hammer with 100 nails, anchor bolts, a knife, a hacksaw and an hatchet.
We proceed to the installation of the roof on the example of a garage
To work it was easier, but the legs did not fall through, you can put boards on the rafters, placing them often enough. And when the time comes to put the slate, we will remove them.
The sloping version is constructed twice, or even three times faster than the gable - one day is definitely enough. As an example, let's try to make a roof for a garage using a budget slate. We make a slope of 20 degrees. Further:
- We put Mauerlat on all four walls, which we attach using anchor bolts. There is another option - to install long bolts in the masonry in advance and fix the base of the rafters with their help.
- We place the rafters at a distance of 70-80 cm from each other. Fasten them with long nails to 100.
- We nail the crate, placing its bars at 90 degrees to the rafters.
- From bottom to top we put polyethylene - waterproofing, attaching it with a stapler. Separate sheets are lapped.
- We fix the slate sheets (also from the bottom up, with an overlap) using slate nails.
- Top and bottom beat the wind boards that protect the slate from the wind and water leakage.
The video clip demonstrates the stages of installation of a structure for a garage:
If you are in a troubled zone, before laying the Mauerlat, you need to make a seismic belt from reinforced concrete, placing it directly on top of the masonry. If it turned out smooth, you can do without Mauerlat.
So, the roof was built in one day. High speed and ease of work - these are its significant advantages. As well as the economical use of materials, as well as useful space.
And:
- easy to carry out repairs;
- with the correct orientation of the wind, we will become allies, blowing snow;
- the project will cost the least (you can do all the calculations yourself);
- on the ramp you can put solar panels.
But:
- the lack of space for the attic is not everyone likes;
- the thermal insulation properties of the roof are less than that of the gable version;
- with the unpredictability of winds and frequent changes in their directions, the roof can be torn down.
To prevent the wind from causing harm to the roof, we will construct a special border on the sewer side, protecting it with galvanized steel or tile.
And do not forget the finished construction to be subjected to regular annual preventive maintenance with an examination of all elements and compounds.