Garlic is susceptible to disease, like other garden plants. Diseases of the garlic and the fight against them (see photo below) will be described here. Despite the fact that this culture is an insecticide, various types of mold can cause fungal diseases of garlic, which will significantly spoil your crop. Garlic diseases bring a lot of worries to gardeners, but the result is worth it - this vegetable is very useful. However, what a sin to conceal, it is profitable to grow it for sale.
Garlic gives piquancy, complements, emphasizes the taste of meat or vegetable dishes. But in addition to its taste, it is still useful not only as a culinary product, but also brings benefits to the garden. To protect the garden and the garden, not only the planting of this vegetable is used, but the treatment with compounds, the main ingredient of which it is.
Pests, pathogens do not like garlic volatile, which are harmful to them. Very often you can see the beds of strawberries, sweet pepper, eggplant and other garden gifts planted with garlic.
Most often weak plants suffer from diseases, therefore, before planting any kind of garlic, planting material is recommended to be preliminarily poured with hot water (approximately 50 ° C) for 10-15 minutes. After heat treatment, garlic cloves can be sprinkled with chopped chalk, as well as a thorough selection of all spoiled slices. In order not to provoke the appearance of pathogens, the time interval between plantings of a given culture in one place should be at least 3 years.
Photo of garlic diseases (manifestation of fusarium):
Rust on garlic - what to process?
This is a rather dangerous disease that affects crops of bulbous crops. The rust of garlic is manifested by the appearance of yellow dashes, which are becoming wider, covering the entire leaf. Sometimes the symptoms have a different visual manifestation - yellow round spots (which then turn red), slightly convex in shape.
This disease can cause significant damage to crops: plants lose their leaves, the accumulation of organic substances is significantly reduced, heads cannot fully develop remain small. We can no longer talk about the taste and marketability of such garlic, however, preventive treatment of the teeth before sowing helps to reduce the likelihood of the disease. Slices can be filled with 40% formalin solution (40 ml / 120 l of water) - two hours of exposure will be enough. The beds themselves should be shed with a solution of Fitosporin-M (15 ml per 10 l). Also for these purposes, you can use copper oxychloride (inorganic fungicide) or Bordeaux liquid (1% solutions).
If the disease has already manifested, that is, the leaves are covered with rust, the crops can be treated with copper sulfate or fungicide Khom. It is the same copper oxychloride. Especially good results are obtained by mixing the preparation with finely grated tar soap. Irrigation of stems is carried out with an interval of 10-14 days, but a month before harvesting, the procedure should be stopped (copper salts are harmful to our body).
Rust on the stems, photo:
For processing, you can also use the same drugs that are used to combat another disease of garlic - peronosporosis. Means of broad antifungal action Alirin-B gives good results in the fight against rust, especially in the initial stages, increases the resistance of the plant to diseases (immunizing fungicide). Gamair drug is suppressed by a wide range of fungi. Fungicides Kuproksat, Champion, Medyan Extra 350 SC, c.c. also recommended for use.
Downy mildew or peronosporosis of garlic
With this disease of garlic, the reaction begins with yellowing of the upper part of the stem, after which it dries. The plant slows down growth, it weakens, the stems turn pale, then turn yellow and deformed. Peronosporosis can become a real epidemic that affects the vast crops of this crop. This disease is particularly susceptible to regions where a humid climate prevails.
However, the peronosporosis fungus is very sensitive to bright light, elevated temperature, and simply dies in the heat. It turns out that in clear warm weather it is practically not activated, and in the rains, on the contrary, it develops very successfully. These features of the fungus (Peronospora destructor) are used in the prevention and control of fungal diseases.
Peronosporosis of garlic, photo:
Studies have shown that the occurrence of the disease comes from infected seed, as well as from organic elements that remain in the soil after planting and harvesting. It is noteworthy that the infection of healthy plants can occur with the help of fungal spores, which are transported downwind over considerable distances.
To prevent the disease from the very beginning, before sowing, it is recommended to warm the heads in a bright sun for a day or two, at a temperature of + 40 ° C. Harvested should be done in the same way. You can deal with this scourge through complex fungicides such as Tiram (according to instructions), Fentyuram (3 kg / 10 l of water), Polycarbocin (40 g / 10 l of water), Arcerida (30 g / 10 l of water). With the same solution of the drug Tiram (2-3%), you can treat the cloves before sowing, keep them in suspension for about 20-25 minutes. You can also treat young plants with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid, fungicide Polychom is suitable for processing arrows.
Garlic bacteriosis or bacterial rot
Species of bacterial diseases of this plant are much less than fungal. However, a disease such as bacterial rot causes significant damage to the yield and presentation of garlic heads. Garlic bacteriosis affects plants during the growing season, as well as during storage of already harvested stocks. Perennial forms of pathogens attack the plant exclusively during the growing season, and the cloves infected with bacteria undergo rotting during growth and do not germinate. On tubers, the disease manifests itself in the form of yellowish-brown wounds on the surface of the tooth, and subsequently they capture the entire garlic clove. Another manifestation of the disease is expressed in the transparency of the cloves, which then goes into the form of mucus with a sharp unpleasant odor.
Bacterial rudiments live in the organic remains of the crop. They penetrate into the seed through microtraumas, and pests such as a nematode, onion fly, and tobacco thrips only aggravate the situation, being carriers of bacteria. Additionally, plant immunity is weakened by factors such as poor land, burns acquired during the growing season. Also, garlic is at risk of contracting bacteriosis if it does not mature completely, was not sufficiently dried after harvesting or stored for storage in a humid place (as well as in high temperature conditions).
Bacterial rot of garlic, photo:
Prevention, control of this disease is the observance of the time interval between crops in one place (at least 4 years). Tilling the land with Hom also gives good results. It is not recommended to plant garlic next to late vegetables, do not rush to harvest - maintain the full maturity of the heads. It will be good if you pre-fertilize the soil with phosphate top dressing. The remains of the crop should be carefully cleaned, and the land itself deeply plowed. Do not remove the tops prematurely, let it dry for about 10 days at a temperature of 23-30 ° C.
The use of insecticides to stop insect activity is an excellent prophylactic factor, also do not forget to treat the seed with a formalin solution, as described above. Observe the storage conditions for tubers: humidity should not exceed 70%, the temperature can vary from +1 to + 4 ° C for winter varieties or + 16..18 ° C (with humidity 60-70%) for spring varieties.
Fusarium garlic - control measures
It is sometimes called a disease of a hot climate, since fusarium is most active in the south, where it is very hot in summer or not very cold in winter. Crop losses due to Fusarium infection can reach impressive proportions - up to 70-80%. Central Russian regions, especially under the conditions of hot summers, are also sometimes a risk zone. Fusarium rot of garlic, in other words - rot of the bottom, affects the seed in the ground. The remains of past crops, water for irrigation may contain spores of Fusarium. For sowing, whole teeth should be carefully selected, without damage, since the presence of any microtrauma is a direct entrance to the fungus.
The disease affects the plant during the growing season, temperature + 15..30 ° C. Increased humidity levels favor this. Fusarium of garlic is manifested even in the beds, when the stems begin to quickly turn yellow or dry, starting from the tips. Sometimes the stems are covered with brown strokes, and a pinkish coating is collected in the leaf sinuses. The defeat of the heads, lobules begins with softening, the appearance in the infected areas of the mycelium of fusarium (its color can be white, yellow or pinkish).
The roots of the plant begin to rot, die off, and garlic, of course, dies. As for the already harvested crop, the bottom rot is activated in warm rooms with high humidity. In this case, infection occurs rather quickly - the mycelium appears between the teeth, gaining strength, mummifies the head.
Fusarium garlic, photo:
Measures for the prevention and control of this disease are not particularly different from other methods used for other fungal diseases. Careful control of seed, treatment with preparations such as Khom, Fitosporin or Maxim, soil disinfection with fungicides and cleaning of last year's organic residues - all together provide a sustainable preventive effect. Quadris gives very good performance, it is also used to treat rust. So that your garden does not hit the rot of the bottom of the garlic, control measures should be taken from all sides: soil control, cultivating the sowing teeth, observing the time interval between plantings in the same place, maintaining the timing of sowing and harvesting. Well-dried tubers should be stored in appropriate temperature conditions.
Garlic Neck Rot
Often this disease does not come alone, but along with fusarium, bacteriosis, black, green mold. It even happens that onion culture is simultaneously attacked by fungi, bacteria. There is nothing to guess here - the weakened immunity of the plant simply can not cope. The complex of prevention and treatment should be aimed at suppressing all of the above diseases.
The gray neck rot of garlic causes significant damage to the crop, which is already harvested, laid for storage, and also affects the heads during transportation. The first to fall ill are the unripe, half-finished tubers. The fungus begins to attack the crops during the ripening of the bulbs, the source of the infection is the uncleared on time remains of past crops. Gray rot penetrates into the garlic tubers through external damage, activated at the top of the neck. Disputes of the disease spread in the wind, settle on the stems. The most dangerous thing is that at first the disease is difficult to detect, since the visible symptoms are not very visible to the eye. Thus, the affected heads are sent to the storehouse along with healthy ones, subsequently infecting all stocks.
Garlic neck rot (left), black mold rot (right), photo:
Gray rot appears at the bottom of the stems as small whitish spots with greenish borders. At this point, the stem breaks, turns yellow, dries. Gray spots appear on the head, which over time cover all the cloves. The softening of the teeth begins from above, the lobules acquire a watery consistency, a sharp unpleasant odor. At this stage, the gray mold confidently captures the entire top of the tuber.
A thorough analysis of the harvest should be made, the affected heads should be removed, it is advisable to burn them. After that, the storage place must be reliably disinfected with formalin or sulfur dioxide.
This fungus feels good at a temperature of + 20 ° C, is able to actively develop at +3 .. + 5 ° C. Based on this, for the harvested crop during storage, it is necessary to ensure the appropriate humidity level (70%), temperature 0–2 ° C. Reserves should be periodically checked for affected tubers; the heads themselves can be sprinkled with chopped chalk. The better the garlic is dried, the lower the risk of infection with gray cervical rot. As recommended above, it is advisable to pre-treat the land for sowing with copper chlorhexide (Khom preparation) or copper sulfate.
The teeth for sowing can be pre-disinfected with a suspension of Tiram (according to the instructions), and already grown heads with Fundazol. After processing (15-20 minutes), the tubers should be thoroughly dried, and then determined for storage. We observe the time intervals between crops, as mentioned above, we cut the stems from the ripened heads after their final drying, not very short.
It is also worth mentioning the type of soil. Garlic grown on loam is more susceptible to gray rot disease, sandy soil in this case is much preferable.
Black moldy rot of garlic
If the storehouse for vegetables is hot and stuffy, then black rot (aspergillosis) will not take long. With poor ventilation, black dusty spores start up between the lobules, and the teeth themselves lose their hardness. Poorly ripened, poorly dried tubers fall under the risk category, dampness is an ideal environment for this fungus. The pathogenic fungus lives in the uncleaned remains of the previous crop, as well as on damaged vegetables or fruits. If, in warm weather, the stalks of garlic are more than 6 hours wet, the risk of activation of the fungus increases significantly.
Black mold on garlic, like other fungi, does not like Bordeaux liquid, about 3 weeks before harvesting, irrigate the garlic beds with a 1% composition. In general, for the prevention or control of this disease, you need to use the same drugs that are recommended to eliminate the effects of bacterial rot. Other measures are similar - control of bulbs after harvesting, quality drying, appropriate temperature storage. Sowing cloves, seedling stems, and also ripened tubers should be protected from damage.
Green moldy rot of garlic or penicillosis
This disease takes over the palm of the neck of gray rot. It is quite common, manifested as drying (withering) of individual teeth.
A little later, small yellowish spots begin to appear on the surface of the lobules, which are, as it were, slightly pressed inward. In the next stage of the lesion, the spots are covered with white mold, subsequently acquiring a greenish tint. Then the cloves dry, they change color. At the last stage, such a head seems empty, because when pressed, dried wedges become dust. If you open the affected tuber, you can see the rotten contents of a green or bluish tint, which once became white dense teeth.
Moldy green rot, photo:
Green mold rot is activated after 2 or 3 months after harvesting.High humidity only contributes to the manifestation of the disease, damaged heads are the first contenders for infection. Control measures are similar to those described above - reliably dry the collected heads. Before sending garlic for storage, it can be treated with the Zaslon preparation diluted with water (three caps / 1 liter of water).
Garlic diseases and their treatment take our time and a significant part of the crop. Like any disease, it is better to prevent them at the very beginning, to apply radical preventive measures for the treatment of soil and seed. The main thing is vigilance, do not be lazy to carefully examine the stems, the basal part of the sprouts. At the slightest suspicion, sacrifice a couple of plants, remove the tuber from the ground, check its condition.
Garlic diseases and the fight against them, photo (pre-treatment of seed):
Stock up on the right fungicides, preventative drugs in advance. Now you know how garlic diseases look, you know how to deal with them. May this healthy vegetable please you with a generous harvest, and give health to you, your loved ones.
Author: Natalya Mirgorodskaya